Plastics are the most widely used materials in 3D printing due to their versatility, processability, and balance between cost and performance. They are available in different forms such as filaments, granules, and powders, allowing compatibility with a variety of additive manufacturing technologies including FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling), SLS (Selective Laser Sintering), and extrusion-based systems.
The most common plastics for 3D printing include:
• PLA (Polylactic Acid): A biodegradable polymer derived from renewable resources such as corn starch. It is easy to print, offers good dimensional accuracy, and is popular for prototyping, educational use, and decorative parts.
• ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene): Known for its toughness, impact resistance, and higher thermal stability. ABS is widely used in engineering applications, automotive parts, and functional prototypes.
• PETG (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol): A strong, chemical-resistant, and easy-to-print plastic that combines the strength of ABS with the ease of PLA. Ideal for mechanical parts, packaging, and consumer products.
• Nylon (Polyamide): Offers excellent durability, flexibility, and wear resistance. It is commonly used in industrial-grade printing for functional components and parts that require strength and elasticity.
• TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane): A flexible plastic with rubber-like elasticity, ideal for producing soft-touch components, seals, gaskets, and wearable products.
Plastics for 3D printing are often modified with additives or reinforcements (such as carbon fibers, glass fibers, or mineral fillers) to enhance properties like strength, heat resistance, or surface finish. This adaptability allows manufacturers and designers to choose the right material for their specific application—whether for rapid prototyping, functional testing, or end-use production.